Since I want to give as many as possible examples in my blog I needed to install a Oracle database on my Ubuntu 14.04 operating system first. This seems to be a very good starting point for one of my first posts.
Although Linux users are used to very handy install processes by just typing sudo apt-get … commands the installation of an Oracle database is not as simple as that. The reason for this is that the Oracle database as an proprietary product is not provided in the public software repositories which the apt-get commands query.
Only for Testing and Developing! Please, bear in mind that the described installation is intended for use in testing respectively developing stages. Itˋs not for production environments! Even the express edition is a limited version!
Prerequisites
you need to be a sudo
ubuntu libraries/packages need to be in place alien, libaio1, unixodbc
Installation
Before we can start with installation of the Oracle database, we need to ensure that a couple of additional Linux packages are installed. Prepare your system by installing the following package:
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sudoapt-get installalien libaio1 unixodbc
Next, you need to download the Linux x64 version of the Oracle Database 11g R2 Express Edition (link)
Unzipping
Navigate to your download folder and unzip the downloaded Oracle files. In my case this can be done by executing the following commands in your terminal.
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cd~/Downloads
and
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unzip oracle-xe-*.x86_64.rpm.zip
A new directory Disk1 is added to the Download folder. You can jump into this folder by typing:
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cd Disk1
Convert the *.rpm Binary
Since Oracle does not support officially Ubuntu as a target platform the installation scripts are not compatible with the operating system (core Debian). But the good thing is, there are commands we can use to make from the rpm package a dep package which fits our operating system’s requirements.
Alien is such a tool which can be used to convert a package format into another. The command generates from the rpm package a dep one:
Depending on your system’s performance the conversation can take a while. After several minutes (please, do not interrupt the process) you will find the oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.dep package in the Disk1 folder.
You might think that you are able to install the Oracle databases now, but you would get problems by just executing the *.dep installation routine. Why? Because a common Red Hat package, the package format Oracle provides, demands the /sbin/chkconfig file which is not required by Ubuntu.
Ubuntu does not use /sbin/chkconfig for installation In order to install a converted *.dep from a *.rpm package you must probably adjust or create the /sbin/chkconfig file.
Ubuntu does not use /sbin/chkconfig for installation.
In order to install a converted *.dep from a *.rpm package you must probably adjust or create the /sbin/chkconfig file.
We create and edit the chkconfig with the following commands:
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sudotouch/sbin/chkconfig
# .. you may chose your favorite editor (vi, leafpad, ...)
sudogedit /sbin/chkconfig
Copy and paste the following lines into the editor save and close:
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#!/bin/bash
# Oracle 11gR2 XE installer chkconfig hack for Ubuntu
This “Ubuntu hack” defines how the Oracle database can be started or stopped. It declares how the service can be used and which parameters it requires. Now we have to give the file some execution privileges.
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sudochmod755 /sbin/chkconfig
You can test whether you have set the privileges correctly by listing the altered file (notice the x for user, group and others).
There are several minor adjustments required before the installation/configuration of the Oracle database.
Adjust Kernel Parameters
The Oracle database requires a set of kernel parameters. Especially the maximum use of RAM, etc. These parameters will be configured in the 60-oracle.conf file. These files will be loaded during service startup. In this case when the Oracle database service starts.
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sudotouch/etc/sysctl.d/60-oracle.conf
sudogedit /etc/sysctl.d/60-oracle.conf
Add the following lines:
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# Oracle 11g XE kernel parameters
fs.file-max=6815744
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65000
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmax=536870912
Save and close the editor. Run the following command to apply the parameters:
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sudo service procps start
Adjust Path to Pattern Scanning and Text Processing Language (awk)
Although the awk command is installed in each default Ubuntu installation the configuration util of the Oracle database does not search in the correct directories for it. This will lead to some warnings/errors during the configure phase. It is not a big problem since we have only to point to the already installed binary by just creating a link.
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sudoln-s /usr/bin/awk/bin/awk
That’s it!
You might ask yourself why you will be faced this problem? Well, it is far easier than you think, Red Hat keeps the awk command under /bin and Ubuntu puts it under /usr/bin.
Adjustment in Mount Point
The Oracle database requires a separate mounting point which we can create with the following commands:
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sudo rm -rf /dev/shm
sudo mkdir /dev/shm
sudo mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=2048m /dev/shm
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET You will run into this issue when you do not configure a separate mount point for the Oracle database prior configuration phase.
Since the changes are only temporary for the current session they will be lost after system reboot. In order to make them permanent you can create a startup script for a specific run level. Lets add the prior steps to a file, make them executable and start them automatically while our system boots. This will ensure that the required mount point is accessible whenever we start the database manually.
We create first the file and open it with our favorite editor
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sudotouch/etc/rc2.d/S10oracle-mount
sudogedit /etc/rc2.d/S10oracle-mount
Add the following lines:
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#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: Creates Oracle mount point
# Required-Start:
# Required-Stop:
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Used for Oracle installation
# Description: Used for Oracle installation
### END INIT INFO
# Aktionen
case"$1"in
start)
mkdir/var/lock/subsys2>/dev/null
touch/var/lock/subsys/listener
rm/dev/shm2>/dev/null
mkdir/dev/shm2>/dev/null
mount-t tmpfs shmfs -o size=2048m /dev/shm
;;
stop)
;;
restart)
;;
esac
exit0
Save the file and make it executable:
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sudochmod755 /etc/rc2.d/S10oracle-mount
Additional Adjustments
Please, create the following directories/files
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sudomkdir/var/lock/subsys
sudotouch/var/lock/subsys/listener
Package Installation and init
Now we are ready to start the installation of the generated oracle-xe_11.2.0-2_amd64.deb with the following commands:
The installation routine prompts you to run the following command to initiate/configure the database:
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sudo/etc/init.d/oracle-xeconfigure
You can confirm all default port settings. In so far as the database is only for demonstration purposes I do not want to start it automatically on system startup. I answered the last question with N.
System Variables
Everyone who worked with Oracle products knows that Oracle uses a set of system/environment variables in order to configure or reference their software products. It is recommended to set the system variables for the user session. Since I do not want to configure this variables for all users who may work with my machine separately I want to define them on system-level and make them so accessible for everyone [bib]UbuntuHelpEnvornmentVariables[/bib].
We edit the sudo gedit /etc/environment and replace the content by the following lines:
Rstrictions in /etc/environment Please, consider that you are not able to use any variable expansion in the /etc/environment.
Although, many developers uses the /etc/bash.bashrc I decided not to use this but the more appropriated /etc/environment. The reason for this decision was that variables defined in the bash.bashrc are only visible to programs started by shell. This seems to be a restriction I do not want to accept.
Save the adjusted /etc/environment and close gedit.
Presence of System Variables The /etc/environment will be executed automatically by the system during the start-up of the desktop. This means that even we have configured the environment variables they are not present, yet!
To solve this issue we must reboot to load our environment definitions. You can check if the system variables are present after reboot:
Well as luck would have it, we were having our Database labs in ORACLE 11g as part of the coursework. And I must admit, I still have my love for mysql.
I installed it on my system(after a lot of trials!) this way.
Place annd Unzip the zip file to the Directory of your choice. I did mine to ‘Documents’
tasdik@Acer:~$ cd Documents/
tasdik@Acer:~/Documents$ unzip oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm.zip
## A new directory was added
tasdik@Acer:~$ cd Documents/Disk1/
Now we need to convert the rpm (A red hat package to .deb) package
Save it and give the required execution privileges
tasdik@Acer:~$ sudo chmod 755 /sbin/chkconfig
After this, we have to create the file /etc/sysctl.d/60-oracle.conf to set the additional kernel parameters. Open the file by executing the following statement.
After that, Execute the following to avoid getting a ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET error. Note: replace “size=3804m” with the size of your (virtual) machine’s RAM in MBs.
Note : Close Chrome before executing the following three lines as it crashes when doing so
I recommend rebooting the system at this point of time
After a System Reboot
tasdik@Acer:~$ sudo service oracle-xe start
A file named oraclexe-gettingstarted.desktop is placed on your desktop. To make this file executable, navigate to you desktop.
tasdik@Acer:~$ cd ~/Desktop
tasdik@Acer:~/Desktop$ sudo chmod a+x oraclexe-gettingstarted.desktop
Running SQlplus
You have to Unset http_proxy and no_proxy.
To do that
tasdik@Acer:~$ unset http_proxy
tasdik@Acer:~$ unset no_proxy
tasdik@Acer:~$ sqlplus
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sat Sep 26 11:34:06 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Enter user-name: SYSTEM
Enter password:
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL>
There you go!
Ending notes:
Remember to do a
tasdik@Acer:~$ sudo service oracle-xe start
at startup, if you chose not to Start Oracle 11 g at system startup
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