You need to use the tar command to compress files and folder using tar command on Ubuntu Linux.
| Tutorial details | |
|---|---|
| Difficulty level | Easy |
| Root privileges | Yes |
| Requirements | Linux terminal |
| Category | Backup Management |
| Prerequisites | tar command on Ubuntu Linux |
| OS compatibility | Debian • Linux • Mint • Pop!_OS • Ubuntu |
| Est. reading time | 3 minutes |
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Compressing files using tar command on Ubuntu Linux
First, open up a terminal under Ubuntu Linux. Some directories such as /etc or /usr require root level permissions to read and write for backup. So you may need to run tar command using the sudo command. In this example backup, /etc and your home directory called /home/vivek to /backup directory, enter:$ sudo mkdir /backup
$ sudo tar -zcvpf /backup/files.backup.Nov_6_2009.tar.gz /etc/ /home/vivek/
Where,
- z : Compress the backup file with ‘gzip’ to make it smaller.
- c : Create a new backup archive called /backup/files.backup.Nov_6_2009.tar.gz.
- v : Verbose mode, the tar command will display what it’s doing to the screen.
- p : Preserves the permissions of the files put in the archive for restoration later.
- f /backup/files.backup.Nov_6_2009.tar.gz: Specifies where to store the backup, /backup/files.backup.Nov_6_2009.tar.gz is the filename used in this example.
How Do I Exclude Certain Files or Directories?
You can exclude all *.mp3 stored in /home/vivek/music directory with –exclude option:$ sudo tar --exclude='/home/vivek/music/' -zcvpf /backup/files.backup.Nov_6_2009.tar.gz /etc/ /home/vivek
Another example (exclude ~/music/ and ~/Downloads/*.avi files):$ sudo tar --exclude='/home/vivek/music/' --exclude='/home/vivek/Downloads/*.avi' -zcvpf /backup/files.backup.Nov_6_2009.tar.gz /etc/ /home/vivek
How Do I See a List Of Files Stored In Tar Ball or an Archive?
Type the following command:$ sudo tar -ztvf /backup/files.backup.Nov_6_2009.tar.gz
Where,
- t: List the contents of an archive.
How Do I Restore Files?
You can use the command as follows to restore everything in / directory:$ sudo tar -xvpzf /backup/files.backup.Nov_6_2009.tar.gz -C /
OR$ cd /
$ sudo tar -xvpzf /backup/files.backup.Nov_6_2009.tar.gz
Another option is to type the following command to extract ubuntu-archive.tar in the current directory:$ tar -xvf ubuntu-archive.tar
Where,
- -x: Extract the files.
- -C / : Extract the files in / directory.
In this example, you are restoring to the /delta directory.$ sudo tar -xvpzf /backup/files.backup.Nov_6_2009.tar.gz -C /delta
How Do I Backup Files To a Remote Server Called backup.example.com?
Type the command as follows to backup /etc/ and /home/vivek directories to a remote system called backup.example.com:$ sudo -s
# ssh user@backup.example.com "mkdir /backup"
# tar zcvpf - /etc/ /home/vivek | ssh user@backup.example.com "cat > /backup/files.backup.Nov_6_2009.tar.gz"
How Do I Restore Backup From a Remote System to Local Ubuntu Box?
Type the command$ sudo -s
# cd /
# ssh user@backup.example.com "cat /backup/files.backup.Nov_6_2009.tar.gz" | tar zxpvf -
Summing up
You learned how to compress and extract files using the tar command on Ubuntu Linux.
Ubuntu backup with tar command
| tar command | Description | |
|---|---|---|
| Backup /home/vivek/ directory on Ubuntu Linux with compress option saves disk space. | |
| Backup all home dirs, including system-level dirs such as /etc/ and /var/spool under Ubuntu Linux using tar command. | |
| Extract compressed backup on Ubuntu Linux using tar command. | |
| Backup your /home/vivek/ directory to backup server named backup.cyberciti.biz (IP 192.168.1.201) host over ssh session | |
| Extract and resotre compressed backup from the remote server over using the ssh. |
For more info see the following manual page using the man command or by passing the --help option to the tar as follows:$ man tar
$ tar --help
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