cara install CentOS 7

Installation of “CentOS 7.0″ with Screenshots

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This tutorial will guide you on how to perform a minimal installation of latest version of CentOS 7.0, using the binary DVD ISO image, an installation that is best suitable for developing a future customizable server platform, with no Graphical User Interface, where you can install only the software that you need.

Installation of CentOS 7

If you want to find out more about what’s new in this release of CentOS 7.0 holds and download links, I suggest reading the previous article on release announcements:

1. CentOS 7.0 Features and Download ISO Images

Requirements

1. CentOS 7.0 DVD ISO

CentOS 7.0 Installation Process

1. After downloading the last version of CentOS using above links or using official CentOS downloadpage. Burn it to a DVD or create a bootable USB stick using LiveUSB Creator called Unetbootin.

2. After you have created the installer bootable media, place your DVD/USB into your system appropriate drive, start the computer, select your bootable unit and the first CentOS 7 prompt should appear. At the prompt choose Install CentOS 7 and press [Enter] key.

CentOS 7 Boot Menu

3. The system will start loading media installer and a Welcome screen should appear. Select yourInstallation Process Language, that will assist you through the entire installation procedure and click onContinue.

CentOS Installer Loading

Select Installation Process Language

4. The next step, present screen prompt is Installation Summary. It contains a lot of options to fully customize your system. First thing you may want to setup is your time settings. Click on Date & Timeand select your server physical location from the provided map and hit on upper Done button to apply configuration.

Select Date & Time and Location

5. The next step is to choose your Language Support and Keyboard settings. Choose your main and extra language for your system and when you’re finished hit on Done button.

Select Language and Keyboard

Select English Language

6. The same way choose your Keyboard Layout by hitting the plus button and test your keyboard configuration using the right input filed. After you finish setting up your keyboard, again hit on upperDone button to apply changes and go back to main screen on Installation Summary.

Choose Keyboard Layout

Choose English Keyboard

7. On the next step you can customize your installation by using other Installation Sources than your local DVD/USB media, such as a network locations using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP or NFS protocols and even add some additional repositories, but use this methods only if you know what you’re doing. So leave the default Auto-detected installation media and hit on Done to continue.

Choose Installation Sources

Auto Detect Installation Type

8. On the next step you can choose your system installation software. On this step CentOS offers a lot of Server and Desktop platform environments that you choose from, but, if you want a high degree of customization, especially if you are going to use CentOS 7 to run as a server platform, then I suggest you select Minimal Install with Compatibility Libraries as Add-ons, which will install a minimal basic system software and later you can add other packages as your needs require using yum groupinstallcommand.

Software Selection

Select CentOS 7 Minimal Install

9. Now it’s time to partition your hard-drive. Click on Installation Destination menu, select your disk and choose I will configure partitioning.

Choose Installation Destination

Installation Device Selection

10. On the next screen, choose LVM (Logical Volume Manager) as partition layout and, then, click onClick here to create them automatically, option which will create three system partition using XFSfilesystem, automatically redistributing your hard-disk space and gathering all LVS into one big Volume Group named centos.

1. /boot – Non LVM
2. /(root) – LVM
3. Swap – LVM

Select LVM Partition Type

Create Partitions

11. If you are not pleased with the default partition layout done automatically by the installer you can completely add, modify or resize your partition scheme and when you finish hit on Done button andAccept Changes on the Summary of Changes prompt.

Summary of Partition Changes

NOTE: For those users, who have hard-disks more than 2TB in size, the installer automatically will convert partition table to GPT, but if you wish to use GPT table on smaller disks than 2TB, then you should use the argument inst.gpt to the installer boot command line in order to change the default behaviour.

12. The next step is to set your system hostname and enable networking. Click on Network & Hostnamelabel and type your system FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) on Hostname filed, then enable your Network interface, switching the top Ethernet button to ON.

If you have a functional DHCP server on you network then it will automatically configure all your network setting for enabled NIC, which should appear under your active interface.

Set System Hostname

Enable Ethernet Interface

13. If your system will be destined as a server it’s better to set static network configuration on Ethernet NIC by clicking on Configure button and add all your static interface settings like in the screenshot below, and when you’re finished hit on Save button, disable and enable Ethernet card by switching the button to OFF and ON, and, then hit on Done to apply setting and go back to main menu.

Enter Network Settings

14. Now it’s time to start installation process by pressing on Begin Installation button and set up a strong password for root account.

Click on Begin Installation

Select Root Password

Enter Root Password

15. After you finish setting up a strong password for root account move to User Creation and create your first system user. You can designate this user to become a System Admin with root privileges using sudo command by checking the box Make this user administrator, then click on Done to go back on main menu and wait for the installation process to finish.

CentOS 7 Installation Process

User Creation and Set Password

16. After the installation process finishes, the installer will show a successfully message on screen, demanding to reboot your system in order to use it.

CentOS 7 Installation Complete

Congratulation! You have now installed last version of CentOS on your bare new machine. Remove any installation media and reboot your computer so you can login to your new minimal CentOS 7environment and perform other system tasks, such as update you system and install other useful software needed to run day to day tasks.

PHPVBOX Centos7

OS: CentOS 7.1 Server Minimal Installation (No GUI)
IP Address: 192.168.1.150/24

Preparing CentOS server

Before installing VirtualBox, we have to do a couple of tasks.

First of all, update your server.

yum update -y

Create a separate normal user (Ex. sk_vuser) for installing oracle virtualbox.

useradd sk_vuser
passwd sk_vuser

Log out, and log in back to that user.

Change to root user privileges, by using the following command:

su

Now, install the following prerequisites that are needed by oracle VirtualBox.

yum groupinstall 'Development Tools'

yum install SDL kernel-devel kernel-headers dkms

Reboot your server once to take effect all the changes.

Installing VirtualBox

Go to the /etc/yum.repos.d/ directory:

cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

Add the latest oracle virtualbox repository to your CentOS server. You can download the oracle virtualbox latest repository from here.

wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/rpm/el/virtualbox.repo

Add the virtualbox public key:

wget -q http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian/oracle_vbox.asc

rpm --import oracle_vbox.asc

Now, update the repository and install latest oracle virtualbox version.

yum update && yum install VirtualBox-4.3

After installing virtualbox, add the virtualbox user sk_vuser to the vboxusers group.

usermod -G vboxusers sk_vuser

Now, run the following command to check if virtualbox kernel modules are loaded or not.

In CentOS 7.x:

systemctl status vboxdrv

In CentOS 6.x:

/etc/init.d/vboxdrv status

Sample output:

vboxdrv.service - LSB: VirtualBox Linux kernel module
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/vboxdrv)
   Active: active (exited) since Thu 2015-06-11 19:20:09 IST; 19min ago
  Process: 561 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/vboxdrv start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Jun 11 19:20:04 server1.unixmen.local systemd[1]: Starting LSB: VirtualBox Linux kernel module...
Jun 11 19:20:09 server1.unixmen.local vboxdrv[561]: Starting VirtualBox kernel modules [  OK  ]
Jun 11 19:20:09 server1.unixmen.local systemd[1]: Started LSB: VirtualBox Linux kernel module.

If it, not loaded, run the following command to load them:

/etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup

Install Oracle VirtualBox Extension pack

Starting with VirtualBox 4.0, we should install Extension pack that will help us to manage and connect our remote guest consoles via web interface. This Extension pack provides the following functionalities to the VirtualBox guests.

• The virtual USB 2.0 (EHCI) device
• VirtualBox Remote Desktop Protocol (VRDP) support
• Host webcam passthrough
• Intel PXE boot ROM
• Experimental support for PCI passthrough on Linux hosts

VirtualBox extension pack should be same version as VirtualBox base package. Download Extension pack for VirtualBox 4.3 from here.

wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/4.3.28/Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-4.3.28-100309.vbox-extpack

Then, Install Extension pack as shown below.

sudo VBoxManage extpack install Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-4.3.28-100309.vbox-extpack

Sample output:

0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%
Successfully installed "Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack".

That’s it Oracle VirtualBox and Extension pack have been installed successfully on our CentOS 6.5 server. Start using Oracle VirtualBox on your CentOS headless server. For creating and managing virtual machines from the command line, refer theofficial manual.

Instead, you can use Oracle VirtualBox GUI client called “phpvirtualbox”. to easily create and manage virtual machines via web browser of any remote desktop system.

Create and manage VMs from command line

First, let us create a Ubuntu 14.04 server VM with 512MB RAM and 8GB virtual hdd.

To do that, run:

VBoxManage createvm --name "Ubuntu 14.04" --register

Sample output:

Virtual machine 'Ubuntu 14.04' is created and registered.
UUID: 6ac096ec-01a8-4f5b-9a84-46f874eb7cfb
Settings file: '/root/VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu 14.04/Ubuntu 14.04.vbox'

Next, assign the RAM size and network card mode(Bridge or NAT).

VBoxManage modifyvm "Ubuntu 14.04" --memory 512 --acpi on --boot1 dvd --nic1 bridged --bridgeadapter1 eth0

Assign virtual hard drive size.

VBoxManage createhd --filename Ubuntu_14_04.vdi --size 8000

Sample Output:

0%...10%...20%...30%...40%...50%...60%...70%...80%...90%...100%
Disk image created. UUID: 8d48aef4-eb92-4181-aed1-63ccbae0f2b1

Add Storage controller:

VBoxManage storagectl "Ubuntu 14.04" --name "IDE Controller" --add ide

Attach the Virtual hard drive file(vdi) to the storage controller using command:

VBoxManage storageattach "Ubuntu 14.04" --storagectl "IDE Controller" --port 0 --device 0 --type hdd --medium /home/sk/Ubuntu_14_04.vdi

Now, Assign the Ubuntu ISO media using command:

VBoxManage storageattach "Ubuntu 14.04 Server" --storagectl "IDE Controller" --port 1 --device 0 --type dvddrive --medium /home/sk/ubuntu-14.04-server-i386.iso

That’s it. The new VM has been created.

To know about VBoxManage command, run:

VBoxManage --help

Or, refer the Official guide.

Now, start the VM using command:

VBoxHeadless --startvm "Ubuntu 14.04"

To stop a running VM, enter the following command:

VBoxManage controlvm "Ubuntu 14.04" poweroff

Similarly we can pause a VM, using command:

VBoxManage controlvm "Ubuntu 14.04" pause

To reset a VM, enter:

VBoxManage controlvm "Ubuntu 14.04" reset

To learn more about VBoxHeadless options, run:

VBoxHeadless --help

Sample output:

Oracle VM VirtualBox Headless Interface 4.3.28
(C) 2008-2015 Oracle Corporation
All rights reserved.
Usage:
   -s, -startvm, --startvm <name|uuid>   Start given VM (required argument)
   -v, -vrde, --vrde on|off|config       Enable (default) or disable the VRDE
                                         server or don't change the setting
   -e, -vrdeproperty, --vrdeproperty <name=[value]> Set a VRDE property:
                                         "TCP/Ports" - comma-separated list of ports
                                         the VRDE server can bind to. Use a dash between
                                         two port numbers to specify a range
                                         "TCP/Address" - interface IP the VRDE server
                                         will bind to
   --settingspw <pw>                     Specify the settings password
   --settingspwfile <file>               Specify a file containing the settings password
   -c, -capture, --capture               Record the VM screen output to a file
   -w, --width                           Frame width when recording
   -h, --height                          Frame height when recording
   -r, --bitrate                         Recording bit rate when recording
   -f, --filename                        File name when recording. The codec used
                                         will be chosen based on the file extension

For more details, refer the official manual.

Creating and managing might be bit difficult and time consuming method for some lazy administrators. If you are one of them, there is another way to create and manage VMs in the headless from a Remote system web browser using a tool called“phpvirtualbox”.

You can use Oracle VirtualBox GUI client called “phpvirtualbox” to easily create and manage virtual machines via a web browser from any remote desktop system.

What is phpVirtualBox?

phpVirtualBox is an open source, web-based client written using PHP. It can be used to manage and administer Oracle VirtualBox headless instances.

Install phpVirtualBox

Before installing phpVirtualBox, we have to install Apache web server and PHP. To install Apache, PHP refer the following links.

• Install LAMP Server On CentOS 6.5
• Install LAMP Stack On CentOS 7

Additionally, install php-soap extension which is required by phpVirtualBox to work well.

yum install php-soap

Restart the web server to take effect the changes.

In CentOS 7.x:

systemctl restart httpd

In CentOS 6.x:

service httpd restart

Now, Download the latest version from the phpVirtualBox official site.

wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/phpvirtualbox/files/phpvirtualbox-4.3-3.zip

Extract the zip file using the following command:

unzip phpvirtualbox-4.3-3.zip

Move the extracted folder to your apache root folder.

mv phpvirtualbox-4.3-3 /var/www/html/phpvirtualbox

Configure phpVirtualBox

Edit phpVirtualBox config.php file:

cp /var/www/html/phpvirtualbox/config.php-example /var/www/html/phpvirtualbox/config.php

vi /var/www/html/phpvirtualbox/config.php

Change the username/password for system user that runs VirtualBox. In our case, the username/password is sk_vuser/centos.

[...]
var $username = 'sk_vuser';
var $password = 'centos';
[...]

Save and close the file.

Create a file called /etc/default/virtualbox:

vi /etc/default/virtualbox

Append the following line:

VBOXWEB_USER=sk_vuser

Now, start vboxweb-service, and make it to start automatically on every reboot.

/etc/init.d/vboxweb-service start

chkconfig vboxweb-service on

I don’t want to messing around with iptables and SElinux. So, I simply disabled them both.

In CentOS 7.x:

systemctl disable firewalld

systemctl stop firewalld

In CentOS 6.x:

service iptables stop

chkconfig iptables off

Disable SELinux:

vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

Set SELINUX=disabled.

[...]
SELINUX=disabled
[...]

Reboot your system once to take effect all the changes.

Access phpVirtualBox Web console

Now, go to any client systems that has installed with GUI desktop environments, and try to access the URL http://ip-address-of-virtualbox-headless-server/phpvirtualbox from the web browser.

Now, try again the same URL mentioned above. The following screen should appear. Enter the username/password.

The default username/password is admin/admin.

Now, you’ll be redirected to the phpVirtualBox main dashboard.

From here, you can create, modify, delete, and manage virtual machines.

Creating sample Virtual Machine

Let us create a sample virtual machine to install Ubuntu 14.04.

Click on the New button on the top left corner. Enter the Virtual machine name.

Set the Memory size for the virtual machine.

Select “Create a virtual hard drive now” option.

Select hard drive file type.

Choose whether the new virtual hard drive file should grow as it is used (dynamically allocated) or if it should be created at its maximum size (fixed size).

Enter the size of the virtual hdd.

That’s it. The virtual machine has been created. Start installing the OS, and use the virtual machine.

phpVirtualBox tool will definitely help the system administrators who have only headless CentOS server, and also the installation is not that difficult. So, You can easily run virtual machines as many as your hardware supports from your headless CentOS server