How to Create, Deploy and Launch Virtual Machines in OpenStack

by Matei Cezar | Published: May 2, 2016 | Last Updated: April 29, 2016

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In this guide we will learn how to create images and launch an instance of an image (virtual machine) in OpenStack and how to gain control over an instance via SSH.

Requirements

Step 1: Allocate Floating IP to OpenStack

1. Before you deploy an OpenStack image, first you need to assure that all pieces are in place and we’ll start by allocating floating IP.

Floating IP allows external access from outside networks or internet to an Openstack virtual machine. In order to create floating IPs for your project, login with your user credentials and go to Project -> Compute -> Access & Security -> Floating IPs tab and click on Allocate IP to The Project.

Choose external Pool and hit on Allocate IP button and the IP address should appear in dashboard. It’s a good idea to allocate a Floating IP for each instance you run.

Allocate Floating IP to Project in OpenStack

Allocate Floating IP to External Pool

Confirmation of Adding Floating IP

Step 2: Create an OpenStack Image

2. OpenStack images are just virtual machines already created by third-parties. You can create your own customized images on your machine by installing an Linux OS in a virtual machine using a virtualization tool, such as KVM, VirtualBox, VMware or Hyper-V.

Once you have installed the OS, just convert the file to raw and upload it to your OpenStack cloud infrastructure.

To deploy official images provided by major Linux distributions use the following links to download the latest packaged images:

CentOS 7 – http://cloud.centos.org/centos/7/images/
CentOS 6 – http://cloud.centos.org/centos/6/images/
Fedora 23 – https://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/releases/23/Cloud/
Ubuntu – http://cloud-images.ubuntu.com/
Debian – http://cdimage.debian.org/cdimage/openstack/current/
Windows Server 2012 R2 – https://cloudbase.it/windows-cloud-images/#download

Official images additionally contain the cloud-init package which is responsible with SSH key pair and user data injection.

On this guide we’ll deploy a test image, for demonstration purposes, based on a lightweight Cirros cloud image which can be obtained by visiting the following link http://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.3.4/.

The image file can be used directly from the HTTP link or downloaded locally on your machine and uploaded to OpenStack cloud.

To create an image, go OpenStack web panel and navigate to Project -> Compute -> Images and hit on Create Image button. On the image prompt use the following settings and hit on Create Image when done.

Name: tecmint-test
Description: Cirros test image
Image Source: Image Location  #Use Image File if you’ve downloaded the file locally on your hard disk
Image Location: http://download.cirros-cloud.net/0.3.4/cirros-0.3.4-i386-disk.img 
Format: QCOWW2 – QEMU Emulator
Architecture: leave blank
Minimum Disk: leave blank
Minimum RAM: leave blank
Image Location: checked
Public: unchecked
Protected: unchecked

Create Images in OpenStack

Add OpenStack Image Details

OpenStack Images

Step 3: Launch an Image Instance in OpenStack

3. Once you’ve created an image you’re good to go. Now you can run the virtual machine based on the image created earlier in your cloud environment.

Move to Project -> Instances and hit on Launch Instance button and a new window will appear.

Launch Image Instance in Openstack

4. On the first screen add a name for your instance, leave the Availability Zone to nova, use one instance count and hit on Next button to continue.

Choose a descriptive Instance Name for your instance because this name will be used to form the virtual machine hostname.

Add Hostname to OpenStack Instance

5. Next, select Image as a Boot Source, add the Cirros test image created earlier by hitting the + button and hit Next to proceed further.

Select OpenStack Instance Boot Source

Add Cirros Text Image

6. Allocate the virtual machine resources by adding a flavor best suited for your needs and click on Next to move on.

Add Resources to OpenStack Instance

7. Finally, add one of the OpenStack available networks to your instance using the + button and hit on Launch Instance to start the virtual machine.

Add Network to OpenStack Instance

8. Once the instance has been started, hit on the right arrow from Create Snapshot menu button and choose Associate Floating IP.

Select one of the floating IP created earlier and hit on Associate button in order to make the instance reachable from your internal LAN.

Add Associate Floating IP to OpenStack Instance

Manage Floating IP Associations

9. To test the network connectivity for your active virtual machine issue a ping command against the instance floating IP address from a remote computer in your LAN.

Check Network of Virtual Machine in OpenStack

10. In case there’s no issue with your instance and the ping command succeeds you can remotely login via SSH on your instance.

Use the instance View Log utility to obtain Cirros default credentials as illustrated on the below screenshots.

Instance View Log Utility

Instance Login Credentials

11. By default, no DNS name servers will be allocated from the internal network DHCP server for your virtual machine. This problem leads to domain connectivity issues from instance counterpart.

To solve this issue, first stop the instance and go to Project -> Network -> Networks and edit the proper subnet by hitting the Subnet Details button.

Add the required DNS name servers, save the configuration, start and connect to the instance console to test if the new configuration has been applied by pinging a domain name. Use the following screenshots as a guide.

Shutdown Instance

Modify Instance Network Subnet

Add DNS Servers to Instance

Check Instance Network Connectivity

In case you have limited physical resources in your infrastructure and some of your instances refuse to start, edit the following line from nova configuration file and restart the machine in order to apply changes.

# vi /etc/nova/nova.conf

Change the following line to look like this:

ram_allocation_ratio=3.0

Configure Physical Resources in Nova Configuration

That’s all! Although this series of guides just scratched the surface of OpenStack mammoth, now you have the basic knowledge to start create new tenants and use real Linux OS images in order to deploy virtual machines in your own OpenStack cloud infrastructure

Prerequisites

You obviously will need a running OpenStack installation, as described in my other Flashguides.
You will need either the admin or demo account credentials to log into Horizon. If you installed via packstack, those credentials will be in ~/packstack-answers-[TIMESTAMP].txt. If you installed via devstack, those passwords would be in your local.conf file and printed out when devstack complets.

Create the VM

Point your browser to the OpenStack Horizon dashboard, http://[YOUR_OPENSTACK_IP]:
Login with your credentials. You'll see an empty dashboard like this:
Click on Project -> Instances. This will show you a screen like this, with no instances yet defined:
Click on the "Launch Instance" button to the right.
A new window will popup:

. There are 5 tabs at the top for different configuration areas.
In the "Details" tab, Give your new instance a name and select the "Flavour". Flavours are just types of VMs, differentiated by amount of memory, virtual CPUs and disk space. Note that the right side of the window shows the limits of how many of each you have available in this OpenStack hypervisor.
Set the boot source for the VM to "Boot from image". When you do this, a new drop-down will appear with a single choice, the built-in cirros image:
Click on the "Access & Security" tab. You will need to define an ssh key-pair for logging into this machine:
Click on the "+" button, and a new window will popup:
As the instructions say, generate a new ssh-key (unless you already have one) via ssh-keygen:
```
ssh-keygen -t rsa -f cloud.key
```
.
Open the public version of this key, cloud.key.pub, copy the contents, and paste it into the "Public Key" field of the window. Then click "Import Key Pair" at the bottom right.
Now you should have the new key pair selected:

.
Now click the blue "Launch" button. The window will close, and your new instance will appear in the list of instances. The Task column will show it in a Spawning state until it is completely provisioned.

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